Protect Our Water & Safeguard Our Future!

September 29, 2024 / activist360

Defend Clean Water Act from Project 2025 Threat

Water as a Sacred Force Across Cultures

Many cultures around the world revere water as a sacred and life-giving force, recognizing its profound symbolic and spiritual significance. In Hinduism, water is regarded as the essential sustainer of life, without which most living beings, including humans, would not be able to survive. Indigenous cultures, such as the Lakota Sioux in North America, honor water as a sacred element central to life and ceremonies, often referring to it as “Mni Wiconi,” meaning “Water is Life.” In Buddhism, water symbolizes purity, clarity, and calmness, representing a path to spiritual enlightenment. Across African traditions, water is scarce and precious, reflecting the community’s resilience. This universal reverence for water underscores its critical role in sustaining life and reinforces the need for its preservation across diverse global communities.

Protecting Our Water: The Importance of the Clean Water Act

The Clean Water Act (CWA), enacted in 1972, is a landmark U.S. federal law aimed at regulating water pollution to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation’s water bodies. However, the act is under threat from initiatives like Project 2025, which proposes a conservative restructuring of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), prioritizing industrial and business interests over environmental protections. By undermining the Clean Water Act and reducing federal oversight, Project 2025 endangers access to clean water for vulnerable communities, particularly those near industrial zones.

The History Behind the Clean Water Act

The Clean Water Act was born out of a growing environmental crisis in the mid-20th century. Before its enactment, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was the first U.S. law to address water pollution, but it lacked the enforcement mechanisms to make a significant impact. During the 1960s, environmental concerns escalated, particularly following events like the 1969 fire on Ohio’s Cuyahoga River, which was so polluted it ignited when an oil slick caught fire. Public outcry, combined with the environmental movement of the time, fueled the demand for stronger water protection laws. This momentum led to the drafting of the Clean Water Act in 1972, aimed at restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters.

Key Provisions of the Clean Water Act

Here are the key provisions of the Clean Water Act, designed to protect our nation’s waters from harmful pollution and ensure long-term environmental sustainability:

Permits and Regulation: Facilities that discharge pollutants into surface waters must obtain permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). This system helps monitor and regulate pollutants from industries, municipalities, and certain agricultural activities.
Water Quality Standards: States are required to establish water quality standards for various bodies of water, ensuring pollution levels remain below harmful thresholds. If these standards aren’t met, more stringent pollution control measures are implemented.
Protection of Wetlands and Streams: Wetlands and small streams, vital ecosystems for filtering water and providing habitat, are protected under the CWA. Recent Supreme Court decisions have clarified the types of water bodies covered, emphasizing the importance of maintaining ecological balance.
Pollution Control: The CWA encourages the development of technology to limit pollution. Facilities must adhere to technology-based standards, ensuring that water pollutants are minimized as much as possible.
Non-Point Source Pollution: In addition to direct discharges, non-point source pollution, such as agricultural runoff, is a significant contributor to water pollution. The CWA provides support for research and practices aimed at reducing this type of pollution.
Public Participation: The CWA allows citizens to take legal action against polluters and government agencies that fail to enforce the Act. This provision ensures accountability and gives the public a role in protecting water resources.

Health Implications of Unprotected Water

If water bodies are not adequately protected, water pollution can have severe health consequences for both humans and wildlife. Contaminated water may harbor harmful substances like heavy metals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and pathogens, leading to various health issues. Exposure to polluted water can cause cancer, gastrointestinal illnesses, reproductive problems, and neurological disorders. For instance, chemicals like lead and mercury can impair brain function and development, while certain pollutants are linked to male fertility issues. Vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly, are particularly at risk. Long-term exposure to polluted water can result in chronic health problems, overwhelming public health systems and endangering future generations.

Why the Clean Water Act Matters Today

The Clean Water Act has been instrumental in improving water quality across the United States. Since its implementation, many rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water have shown significant improvement. However, challenges remain, particularly with non-point source pollution and groundwater contamination, as well as the latest and most significant threat, Project 2025.

Project 2025 envisions a conservative restructuring of the EPA that places industrial and business interests over the imperative for clean water and air, potentially endangering communities and paving the way for toxins, chemicals, and oil to enter our waterways. It undermines the EPA’s capacity to safeguard diverse communities and the human right to clean water by favoring the self-interest of corporations over environmental and public health protections. This initiative threatens to reverse the progress made by the Clean Water Act, removing standards that protected all of us across the country and creating a patchwork of state standards that leaves vulnerable populations, such as low-income and Indigenous communities, at greater risk. By limiting the EPA’s authority and diminishing legal recourse for affected individuals, Project 2025 weakens the essential safeguards that protect public health and the environment.

What You Can Do: Reject Project 2025, Reject Trump & Vote Blue

Individuals play an essential role in supporting the goals of the Clean Water Act and protecting water resources. Here are a few ways you can make a difference:

Learn about the threats that pollution and toxins pose to your health and the health of your loved ones.
Support policies and legislation aimed at strengthening water protections.
Participate in local clean-up efforts to protect wetlands, rivers, and other bodies of water.

The Clean Water Act has laid the foundation for a cleaner, healthier environment, and it’s up to all of us to continue building on that legacy. By staying informed and taking action, we can help safeguard water resources for future generations.

Don’t operate out of fear, operate out of hope, because with hope everything is possible.
—Mni Wiconi

Climate Litigation: A Growing Force in the Fight Against Climate Change

September 22, 2024 / activist360

As the world faces increasingly severe climate impacts, governments and corporations are being held accountable through a surge of climate-related lawsuits. A recent study, Research Areas for Climate Litigation, conducted by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) in September 2024, highlights the critical role of climate litigation in driving action where traditional policy-making has often fallen short.

The Rise of Climate Litigation

Since 2015, more than 1,800 climate-related lawsuits have been filed worldwide, with at least 230 new cases in 2023 alone. The United States, United Kingdom, and Australia have become the primary hubs for this legal activity, while other regions, especially parts of Africa, have seen limited litigation.

The UCS study emphasizes that this growing body of legal action requires strong scientific evidence to be effective. To that end, scientists and researchers are increasingly collaborating with legal teams to provide the necessary data, helping courts make informed decisions on climate cases. The study aims to bridge gaps between science and law by identifying key research priorities that can strengthen future litigation efforts.

Key Research Areas for Climate Litigation

The study highlights three priority research areas that are essential for advancing climate lawsuits:

Attribution Science: This field connects specific climate impacts to particular sources of emissions. Courts need this science to establish a clear causal link between climate change and its effects, such as extreme weather events. The study calls for more geographically diverse research, particularly in regions like the Global South, where climate data is scarce.
Climate Change and Human Health: Legal arguments are increasingly focusing on the health impacts of climate change. Vulnerable groups, including older adults, infants, people with disabilities, and those in poverty, are especially at risk from worsening air quality, heatwaves, and water scarcity. The study points to a need for more research linking climate change to health outcomes like asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and heat-related illnesses.
Economic Modeling: Courts rely on economic data to assess the costs of climate change. This includes not only the direct damages caused by extreme weather events but also the costs of adapting to a changing climate and the economic opportunities lost due to inaction. The study calls for robust economic modeling that can predict future costs and benefits under different climate scenarios.

Strategic Research Areas for the Future

Beyond the priority areas, the study identifies five strategic research areas where further scientific evidence is needed to support climate litigation:

Legal and Financial Accountability: Holding corporations accountable for their emissions, particularly in industries like fashion and cement, requires more detailed research on how financial institutions contribute to climate change by funding fossil fuel projects.
Disinformation and Greenwashing: The study stresses the importance of exposing and countering misleading claims made by corporations about their environmental practices, which can mislead consumers and delay meaningful climate action.
Fair Share Analysis and Compliance: Understanding whether corporations and nations are meeting their climate goals is critical. The study highlights the need for standardized emissions metrics and tracking, especially for corporations with complex supply chains.
Environmental and Social Impacts: Research on how climate change affects ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities—especially in remote regions with limited data—is vital for comprehensive environmental impact assessments.
Emissions Accounting and Reductions: Courts need better methods for tracking and reducing emissions, particularly those related to the indirect effects of products, known as Scope 3 emissions. The study also calls for research into the effectiveness of renewable energy credits and other mitigation strategies.

Losses and Damages: A Cross-Cutting Theme

One of the study’s most important cross-cutting themes is losses and damages—the economic and non-economic harms caused by climate change that can’t be prevented through adaptation or mitigation. The study calls for more research to quantify these losses, especially in terms of intangible cultural heritage, social structures, and ways of life. Understanding these losses is critical for communities seeking reparations for the damage caused by climate change.

Why This Study Matters

As climate litigation accelerates globally, the need for solid scientific research to support these cases becomes more urgent. The UCS study provides a roadmap for scientists looking to contribute to the legal battle against climate change by focusing on areas where their work can have the greatest impact. This research will not only improve the effectiveness of climate lawsuits but also push governments and corporations to take more meaningful climate action.

Summing Up

Climate litigation is emerging as a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. With over 1,800 lawsuits filed since 2015, the legal community is increasingly relying on science to prove the connections between climate change, its impacts, and the entities responsible. The Union of Concerned Scientists’ 2024 study highlights the critical research areas—such as attribution science, health impacts, and economic modeling—that will strengthen these legal efforts.

For those interested in how climate change is being addressed through legal channels, this study underscores the vital role that science plays in holding governments and corporations accountable. As the impacts of climate change worsen, the importance of this intersection between science and law will only grow.

Source: Merner, L. D., Phillips, C. A., & Mulvey, K. (2024). Research areas for climate litigation: 2024 report. Union of Concerned Scientists.

Understanding the Global Plastic Pollution Crisis

September 8, 2024 / activist360

Overview of Plastic Pollution and the Role of the Global Plastics Treaty

Plastic pollution is one of the biggest challenges our world faces today. It affects our oceans, rivers, land, and even the air we breathe. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the environment, creating serious problems for both people and nature. Let’s dive into the key facts about plastic pollution and the steps being taken to address it through the Global Plastics Treaty.

What is Plastic Pollution?

Plastic pollution happens when plastic waste escapes from managed systems like landfills and enters the environment. When this waste is no longer controlled, it becomes a major threat to ecosystems. Plastic pollution can be broken down into two types:

Macroplastics: These are larger pieces of plastic (greater than 5mm) like bottles, bags, and other visible plastic items.
Microplastics: Tiny plastic particles (smaller than 5mm) that often come from the breakdown of larger plastics.

How Much Plastic Waste is There?

In 2020, around 52.1 million metric tons of macroplastic waste entered the unmanaged environment. This is about 21% of all the plastic waste produced by cities and towns, also known as municipal plastic waste. Municipal plastic waste comes from homes, businesses, schools, and public spaces, according to a global emissions inventory study published in Nature (s41586-024-07758-6).

What is the Unmanaged Environment?

The “unmanaged environment” is any place where plastic waste is no longer being controlled. This includes uncollected waste, litter, and open dumping sites. Once plastic enters this environment, it can move freely and cause harm to wildlife, ecosystems, and even human health.

Why Does Open Burning Happen?

In many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, formal waste collection services are either unavailable or not sufficient. As a result, people resort to open burning of plastic waste as a way to get rid of it. Open burning is harmful because it releases dangerous chemicals into the air and contributes significantly to pollution.

Global North vs. Global South: Who’s Responsible?

When we talk about plastic pollution, the world is often divided into the Global North and the Global South:

The Global North includes wealthier, high-income countries like the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. These countries have better waste management systems and tend to have less uncollected waste.
The Global South includes developing countries in regions like Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. These countries struggle with waste collection, and uncollected plastic waste is a major source of pollution.

Plastic Pollution Hotspots

Certain regions are considered plastic pollution hotspots due to their high levels of unmanaged plastic waste:

Southern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia have the highest levels of plastic pollution.
India is the largest global emitter, contributing nearly one-fifth of all plastic waste emissions, followed by countries like Nigeria and Indonesia.
In contrast, the Global North has lower levels of pollution because of better waste management practices, though littering is still a problem.

What is the Global Plastics Treaty?

The Global Plastics Treaty is a global agreement being negotiated under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to tackle plastic pollution. The treaty aims to reduce plastic waste, improve recycling, and promote better waste management worldwide. This treaty brings together representatives from governments, industries, scientists, and environmental groups to find solutions.

Negotiations began in 2023. The next Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) meeting for the Global Plastics Treaty is scheduled for November 25–December 1, 2024 in Busan, South Korea. This meeting is called INC-5 and is expected to finalize the text of the treaty.

Why Does This Matter?

Plastic pollution has lasting effects on the environment and human health. Once plastic waste enters the environment, it can break down into microplastics, which are even harder to clean up. Without immediate action, plastic waste will continue to harm ecosystems, wildlife, and people.

Call to Action

Plastic pollution is a global issue that needs urgent attention. While some countries have made progress in managing their plastic waste, others face major challenges. The Global Plastics Treaty offers hope for coordinated global action to reduce plastic pollution and protect our planet for future generations. Tackling uncollected waste and improving waste management systems, especially in developing countries, will be key steps toward solving this crisis.

By understanding the sources and impacts of plastic pollution, we can all play a part in making our world a cleaner, healthier place.