Category: Eco-Lifestyle

Microplastics in Our Brains?!? What Scientists Have Discovered About Plastic Pollution and Human Health

/ activist360
Comparison of microplastic accumulation in human organs—brain has 10x more than liver and kidney, visualized with sugar in glass jars.
Microplastic Concentrations in Human Organs: Brain samples contained 7–30 times higher MNP concentrations than liver or kidney tissues. Median MNP concentration in the brain (2024 samples): 4,917 µg/g (range: 4,026–5,608 µg/g). Median MNP concentration in the liver (2024 samples): 433 µg/g. Median MNP concentration in the kidney (2024 samples): 404 µg/g.

Why Should We Care?

Plastic pollution is everywhere. Scientists have found microplastics in our food, drinking water, and even the air we breathe. But a new study has revealed something even more alarming—microplastics are accumulating in human brains!

Researchers found that brain samples contained up to 30 times more microplastics than other organs, raising concerns about long-term health risks. Even more shocking, people with dementia had five times the amount of microplastics compared to those without the disease.

What does this mean for our health? Let’s break it down.

What Did Scientists Find?

A team of researchers studied liver, kidney, and brain samples from people who had passed away. Using advanced technology, they found:

  • All organs contained microplastics, but the brain had the highest levels—even more than the liver and kidneys, which naturally filter toxins.

  • The most common type of plastic found was polyethylene (PE)—used in plastic bags, food packaging, and containers.

  • The average microplastic concentration in the brain was 4,917 µg per gram of tissue—compared to 433 µg/g in the liver and 404 µg/g in the kidneys.

To put the quantity of microplastic concentration into perspective, imagine you’re filling three jars with sugar to represent the amount of microplastics in different organs:

  • The kidney jar gets a small teaspoon (404 µg/g).

  • The liver jar gets about the same—just over a teaspoon (433 µg/g).

  • But the brain jar? You dump in more than 10 times that amount—nearly half a cup (4,917 µg/g)!

Now picture that sugar as tiny plastic shards instead of something sweet. Your brain—one of the most protected organs in your body—is absorbing these particles at a dramatically higher rate than the liver or kidneys, which are designed to filter out waste.

While other organs process and remove toxins, the brain seems to be holding onto plastic, potentially for life. Scientists still don’t know exactly what that means for long-term health, but they do know the levels are rising quickly, and that’s a cause for concern.

This is the first time scientists have confirmed that microplastics are accumulating in the human brain—a place that should be well-protected from foreign substances.

Why Is This a Big Deal?

Plastic doesn’t belong in our bodies, let alone inside our brains! Scientists are especially worried because:

Microplastics in the brain may contribute to neurological diseases. In people diagnosed with dementia, microplastic levels were over 26,000 µg per gram of brain tissue—more than five times higher than in non-dementia cases. These tiny plastics were found inside blood vessel walls and immune cells, suggesting they might be affecting brain function.

Microplastics can bypass the brain’s defense system. The blood-brain barrier normally protects the brain from harmful substances. This study suggests nanoplastics (as small as 100–200 nanometers) may be slipping through, raising concerns about how they could impact brain health over time.

While scientists haven’t proven that microplastics cause diseases like dementia, the fact that they are accumulating in the brain demands more research.

How Do Microplastics Get into Our Bodies?

You may not realize it, but we consume and inhale plastic particles every day. Here’s how they might be reaching our brains:

  • Breathing in tiny plastic particles from dust, air pollution, and synthetic fabrics.

  • Eating plastic-contaminated food—studies have found microplastics in seafood, salt, fruits, and vegetables.

  • Drinking bottled water, which contains nearly double the amount of microplastics as tap water.

  • Absorption through the bloodstream—scientists believe that some nanoplastics are small enough to pass through protective barriers in our bodies.

Once inside, these plastics don’t just disappear. They may stay trapped in organs like the liver, kidneys, and brain for years.

Has This Problem Gotten Worse?

Yes—dramatically. Scientists compared brain samples from 2016 and 2024 and found that:

  • Microplastic levels in the brain have increased by nearly 50% in just 8 years.

  • Similar increases were found in the liver and kidney, suggesting we are all being exposed to more plastic than ever before.

  • Older brain samples (1997–2013) contained far fewer microplastics than recent ones, proving this is a rapidly growing problem.

With plastic production and pollution continuing to rise, scientists predict that microplastic exposure will only get worse unless major changes are made.

What Can We Do About It?

While the full health effects of microplastics are still unknown, reducing exposure is a smart move. Here’s how:

  • Use fewer plastics: Switch to reusable bags, glass or metal water bottles, and cloth grocery bags.

  • Filter your water: Some high-quality filters can remove microplastics from drinking water.

  • Limit processed foods: Fresh, whole foods are less likely to contain microplastics than packaged and processed foods.

  • Ventilate your home: Indoor air contains plastic particles from synthetic fabrics and household dust—keeping air clean can reduce inhalation.

  • Support policies to reduce plastic pollution: Push for laws that limit plastic waste and promote better recycling solutions.

Summing Up

Microplastics are inside our brains, and their levels are rising at an alarming rate. Scientists don’t yet know the full impact on human health, but the findings from this study suggest a need for urgent action. While research continues, the best thing we can do is reduce plastic exposure and push for solutions to stop plastic pollution at its source.

The next time you drink from a plastic bottle or open a plastic-wrapped snack, remember—some of that plastic may never leave your body.

Would you like to see a future where our brains stay plastic-free? At activist360, we sure would!

Nihart, A. J., Garcia, M. A., El Hayek, E., Liu, R., Olewine, M., Kingston, J. D., Castillo, E. F., Gullapalli, R. R., Howard, T., Bleske, B., Scott, J., Gonzalez-Estrella, J., Gross, J. M., Spilde, M., Adolphi, N. L., Gallego, D. F., Jarrell, H. S., Dvorscak, G., Zuluaga-Ruiz, M. E., … & Campen, M. J. (2024). Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains. Nature Medicine. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03453-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2faa9a82-f217-47dc-8743-e3dbb30555e5

Ghana’s Second-Hand Clothing Industry: A Circular Economy Success Story Unfolding

/ activist360
Circular image of used segmented used clothing on left with the words Ghana's Second-Hand Clothing Trade Success Story on right
Ghana’s Second-Hand Clothing Trade Success Story. Credit: activist360

Jobs, Revenue, and the Environment: Unpacking Ghana’s Second-Hand Clothing Trade

The second-hand clothing (SHC) industry plays a vital role in Ghana’s economy, providing affordable clothing options and supporting millions of livelihoods. Beyond its economic benefits, this trade represents a sustainable approach to addressing global fashion waste. However, misconceptions about waste and quality often overshadow its positive impact. The Ghana Used Clothing Dealers Association published a report earlier this year on the socio-economic and environmental impact of the second-hand clothes trade in Ghana. We take this week’s post as our opportunity dive into the contributions of the SHC trade in Ghana and highlight opportunities for sustainable growth.

The Socio-Economic Benefits of the SHC Trade

Employment Generator

The SHC trade is a significant source of employment in Ghana, directly and indirectly supporting around 2.5 million people. This includes roles such as importers, retailers, tailors, drivers, and waste pickers. These jobs are particularly important for youth and marginalized groups, providing stable income opportunities where few alternatives exist. For many families, this trade is their primary means of livelihood, demonstrating its profound impact on society.

Boosting Government Revenue

The SHC trade not only benefits individuals but also contributes significantly to Ghana’s economy. In 2022, the sector generated $29.5 million in government revenue through import taxes. This amount is noteworthy because it exceeds the funding allocated to major poverty alleviation programs such as the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) initiative. These revenues are vital for national development and help sustain critical social services.

Affordable Apparel

For most Ghanaians, SHC provides a lifeline to affordable clothing. Approximately 95% of the population relies on second-hand clothing to meet their fashion needs. These clothes are not just inexpensive but also durable, allowing families to allocate their limited resources to other essential expenses, such as education and healthcare. The widespread availability of SHC has made it an integral part of Ghana’s consumer culture.

Environmental Impact and Circular Economy

Promoting Sustainability

One of the greatest advantages of the SHC trade is its contribution to sustainability. By reusing and recycling clothing, the trade reduces the environmental footprint of fast fashion, which is known for generating significant waste and pollution. Each item of clothing that is reused extends its lifecycle, keeping it out of landfills and reducing the demand for new textile production.

Minimal Waste Levels

Contrary to misconceptions, the SHC trade in Ghana generates minimal waste. Research shows that only about 5% of imported second-hand clothing bales are unsellable. Traders often find creative ways to repurpose these items, ensuring that very little ends up as waste. This efficiency is a testament to the industry’s adaptability and its alignment with circular economy principles.

Waste Management Practices

The SHC trade has developed effective strategies to handle unsold items:

  • Discount sales: Items are sold at reduced prices to clear inventory.
  • Donations: Unsold clothes are donated to local charities and community groups.
  • Recycling initiatives: Textiles are repurposed into cleaning materials or industrial inputs, reducing waste and creating additional value.

Addressing Misconceptions

Dispelling the Dumping Myth

A prevalent misconception is that Ghana serves as a dumping ground for low-quality clothing from Western countries. However, evidence suggests otherwise: 95% of imported second-hand clothes are high-quality and suitable for resale. This challenges the narrative that SHC imports are predominantly waste and highlights the rigorous selection processes employed by traders.

Quality Assurance

Importers and retailers in Ghana go to great lengths to ensure the quality of second-hand clothing. They collaborate with trusted suppliers, conduct regular inspections, and adhere to strict industry standards. In fact, 80% of traders follow specific certifications to maintain quality. These efforts ensure that consumers receive valuable and durable clothing.

Challenges and Opportunities

Regulatory and Infrastructure Gaps

Despite its many benefits, the SHC trade faces challenges, particularly in waste management. Ghana lacks robust recycling systems and sustainable disposal infrastructure. Addressing these gaps could enhance the industry’s environmental impact and create new economic opportunities, such as jobs in recycling and upcycling sectors.

Innovations in Upcycling

Upcycling is a growing trend in Ghana, where entrepreneurs transform old or unsellable clothing into higher-value items such as bags, rugs, and accessories. This innovative approach not only reduces waste but also creates new revenue streams for small businesses. Encouraging upcycling initiatives could significantly bolster the circular economy in Ghana.

Summing Up

The second-hand clothing trade in Ghana is a shining example of how economic development and sustainability can go hand in hand. By supporting millions of livelihoods, generating significant government revenue, and promoting environmentally friendly practices, the SHC industry addresses critical socio-economic and environmental challenges. Ghana’s transition to a circular economy is an example of how we can build a future where fashion benefits both people and the planet.

Source: Odonkor, S., Metropolitan Research and Education Bureau, & E-volution International. (2024). An evaluation of the socio-economic and environmental impact of the second-hand clothes trade in Ghana. Ghana Used Clothing Dealers Association.

Earth Day, A Call to Action for Our Planet

/ activist360


Blue Marble 2000. Credit: NASA, Image created by Reto Stockli with the help of Alan Nelson, under the leadership of Fritz Hasler. CC 2.0.

Earth Day, observed on April 22, is a global movement focused on protecting our planet. This year, as the collective acknowledgment of environmental degradation’s profound impact, we are also presented with an opportunity to champion a cause that could significantly alter the course of our environmental future—the Global Plastics Treaty.

Origins & Significance of Earth Day

Earth Day first emerged in 1970, initiated by Senator Gaylord Nelson after witnessing the catastrophic effects of an oil spill in Santa Barbara. The first Earth Day mobilized 20 million Americans and led to the creation of significant environmental policies and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Today, Earth Day engages millions of people worldwide in activities aimed at preserving our planet, underscoring the power of collective action in tackling global challenges.

Why Earth Day Matters

Earth Day is crucial for several reasons:

  • Environmental Education: It raises awareness about pressing environmental issues and promotes sustainable practices.
  • Global Solidarity: Earth Day unites people across the globe, emphasizing that environmental stewardship is a shared responsibility.
  • Action and Advocacy: The day inspires individuals and organizations to engage in activities that protect the environment, from local clean-ups to global initiatives.

Earth Day 2024: End Plastic Pollution

The theme for Earth Day 2024 is the urgent need to combat plastic pollution. Plastics, particularly single-use plastics, are a severe threat to the environment, filling our oceans, killing wildlife, and disrupting ecosystems. The focus is on reducing plastic production by 60% by 2040 and eliminating single-use plastics by 2030.

The Urgent Call for the Global Plastics Treaty

In conjunction with Earth Day’s efforts, there is a significant push for the Global Plastics Treaty, a comprehensive international agreement aimed at tackling plastic pollution globally. With over 14,905 signatures, this petition calls on the United Nations and government organizations to adopt stringent measures against plastic pollution, including:

  • Reducing fossil fuel-based plastic production by 60% by 2040.
  • Holding producers accountable for environmental and health-related damages.
  • Banning plastic waste exports and incineration.
  • Promoting innovation in alternatives to plastic.

If we do not change our current habits, we will see a rise in hormonal diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular damage linked to the production and consumption of plastics. However, this bleak future is not inevitable; we have the ability to redirect our path and avoid this looming crisis.

How You Can Help

This Earth Day, let your actions speak louder than words:

  • Sign the Global Plastics Treaty Petition: Join the global movement to push for a binding international agreement that addresses plastic pollution head-on.
  • Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Make personal changes to minimize your plastic usage.
  • Participate in Community Actions: Engage in local Earth Day events that focus on cleaning up and reducing plastics and help spread the word.

Final Thoughts

Celebrating Earth Day means committing to protect our planet continuously. By supporting initiatives like the Global Plastics Treaty, we can take significant steps towards a sustainable future free from plastic pollution. This Earth Day, let’s not just celebrate our planet; let’s take concrete steps to save it. Together, we can make a difference, but only if we act now. Join the movement, sign the treaty, and be part of the solution. We have the power to change our environmental destiny and ensure a healthier planet for future generations.

Our goal is not just an environment of clean air and water and scenic beauty. The objective is an environment of decency, quality and mutual respect for all other human beings and all living creatures.

—Gaylord Nelson